1,4-Disubstituted aromatic piperazines with high 5-HT2A/D2 selectivity: Quantitative structure-selectivity investigations, docking, synthesis and biological evaluation

Bioorg Med Chem. 2015 Sep 15;23(18):6195-209. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.050. Epub 2015 Aug 6.

Abstract

Simultaneous targeting of dopamine D2 and 5-HT2A receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia is one key feature of typical and atypical antipsychotics. In most of the top-selling antipsychotic drugs like aripiprazole and risperidone, high affinity to both receptors can be attributed to the presence of 1,4-disubstituted aromatic piperazines or piperidines as primary receptor recognition elements. Taking advantage of our in-house library of phenylpiperazine-derived dopamine receptor ligands and experimental data, we established highly significant CoMFA and CoMSIA models for the prediction of 5-HT2A over D2 selectivity. Subsequently, the models were applied to identify the selective candidates 55-57 from our newly synthesized library of GPCR ligands comprising a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine head group and a 1,2,3-triazole based linker unit. The test compound 57 showed subnanomolar a Ki value (0.64 nM) for 5-HT2A and more than 10- and 30-fold selectivity over the dopamine receptor isoforms D2S and D2L, respectively.

Keywords: 1,4-DAP; 3D-QSAR; 5-HT(2A)/D(2) selectivity; CoMFA; CoMSIA; D(2) partial agonist; Dopamine receptor; GPCR; Phenylpiperazine; Serotonin receptor; Subtype selectivity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antipsychotic Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antipsychotic Agents / chemistry
  • Binding Sites
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Piperazines / chemical synthesis
  • Piperazines / chemistry*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / chemistry*
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / metabolism
  • Receptors, Dopamine D2 / chemistry*
  • Receptors, Dopamine D2 / metabolism

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Ligands
  • Piperazines
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
  • Receptors, Dopamine D2